{"id":142,"date":"2019-06-12T08:52:20","date_gmt":"2019-06-12T08:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tinomartinoni.com\/cocoa2017\/?p=142"},"modified":"2020-06-04T07:36:32","modified_gmt":"2020-06-04T07:36:32","slug":"learning-to-tackle-forced-labour-risk-in-cocoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cacao.bontron.ch\/fr\/learning-to-tackle-forced-labour-risk-in-cocoa\/","title":{"rendered":"Les enseignements du terrain au service de la lutte contre le risque de travail forc\u00e9 dans le secteur du cacao"},"content":{"rendered":"

Innover et apprendre\u2009\/\u2009Le risque de travail forc\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>
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Les enseignements du terrain au service de la lutte contre le risque de travail forc\u00e9 dans le secteur du cacao<\/b><\/h1>\n

Le travail forc\u00e9 est un grave probl\u00e8me qu\u2019il convient de mieux cerner et de chercher \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre dans toutes les fili\u00e8res de production, y compris dans le secteur du cacao. Selon une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en\u00a02018 par la Walk Free Foundation, on estime qu\u2019entre 2013 et 2017, pr\u00e8s de 15\u2009000\u00a0enfants et 13\u2009000\u00a0adultes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 en situation de travail forc\u00e9 dans le secteur du cacao de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire et du Ghana. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Il importe, cependant, de faire la diff\u00e9rence entre le travail forc\u00e9 et les formes de travail des enfants les plus r\u00e9pandues dans le secteur du cacao, \u00e0 savoir des enfants travaillant le plus souvent sur l\u2019exploitation familiale. Le travail forc\u00e9 des enfants repr\u00e9sente moins de 1% du nombre total des enfants qui travaillent dans le secteur du cacao. D\u2019apr\u00e8s des chercheurs ind\u00e9pendants, il concerne g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des situations particuli\u00e8res ou des groupes vuln\u00e9rables, par exemple les travailleurs immigr\u00e9s. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bien qu\u2019il soit moins r\u00e9pandu que le travail des enfants, le risque de travail forc\u00e9 existe bel et bien. Il convient d\u2019y faire face pour pr\u00e9server le bien-\u00eatre et les droits des enfants et des adultes concern\u00e9s. La t\u00e2che est n\u00e9anmoins particuli\u00e8rement complexe, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne se produisant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 l\u2019abri des regards. Mais une approche appropri\u00e9e peut permettre de surmonter ces obstacles.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consciente de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de lutter contre le risque de travail forc\u00e9 dans le secteur du cacao, ICI a lanc\u00e9 un projet dans dix communaut\u00e9s de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire et du Ghana. Ce projet vise \u00e0 proposer des solutions pratiques pour mieux cerner les facteurs de risque, les d\u00e9celer, les att\u00e9nuer et y rem\u00e9dier.<\/span><\/p>\n

Plusieurs indicateurs de travail forc\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au jour et regroup\u00e9s en deux grandes cat\u00e9gories\u2009: travail accompli contre son gr\u00e9 et travail accompli sous la menace d\u2019une peine quelconque. Sur la base de ces indicateurs, des solutions adapt\u00e9es aux besoins en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9tection, de pr\u00e9vention et de rem\u00e9diation sont \u00e9labor\u00e9es et test\u00e9es. Il pourra s\u2019agir par exemple d\u2019adopter un outil de suivi, de pr\u00e9voir une r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration pour le travail accompli ou d\u2019offrir une assistance sur mesure aux travailleurs \u00e0 risque ou aux victimes de mauvais traitements.<\/p>\n

Au cours du projet, nous avons appris qu\u2019il \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de privil\u00e9gier les entretiens individuels plut\u00f4t que les discussions de groupe pour enqu\u00eater sur des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s au travail forc\u00e9. Interrog\u00e9s s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, les membres des communaut\u00e9s et les producteurs de cacao donnent en effet des r\u00e9ponses diff\u00e9rentes, ce qui permet de se faire une id\u00e9e plus pr\u00e9cise des risques v\u00e9ritablement encourus et des causes du travail forc\u00e9. Il ressort des informations recueillies que la situation est bien plus complexe qu\u2019il n\u2019y para\u00eet, et que les sch\u00e9mas traditionnels ne s\u2019appliquent pas toujours. Souvent, des facteurs d\u2019ordre social, culturel et \u00e9conomique se m\u00ealent pour cr\u00e9er des formes de d\u00e9pendance et lier de mani\u00e8re insidieuse les travailleurs \u00e0 leurs employeurs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le projet a \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de conclure des accords plus officiels, que ce soit sous forme orale ou \u00e9crite, ce que r\u00e9clament les producteurs et les travailleurs de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. En l\u2019absence de tels contrats, les travailleurs sont en effet davantage expos\u00e9s au risque d\u2019exploitation. Des mesures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises pour standardiser les contrats \u00e9crits ou les contrats oraux conclus devant t\u00e9moin et des tests sont en cours pour \u00e9tablir s\u2019ils permettent effectivement de r\u00e9duire le risque de travail forc\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre du projet se poursuit et les enseignements et conclusions qui en seront tir\u00e9s (y compris s\u2019agissant des supports de formation et de sensibilisation) seront communiqu\u00e9s et mis \u00e0 profit de mani\u00e8re concr\u00e8te au sein des communaut\u00e9s du Ghana et de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire expos\u00e9es \u00e0 un risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 de travail forc\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

> En savoir plus sur notre projet sur le travail forc\u00e9<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

RETOUR AU RAPPORT<\/span><\/a><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1755,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_fr_post_content":"[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=\"no\" hundred_percent_height=\"no\" hundred_percent_height_scroll=\"no\" hundred_percent_height_center_content=\"yes\" equal_height_columns=\"no\" menu_anchor=\"\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" background_color=\"\" background_image=\"\" background_position=\"center center\" background_repeat=\"no-repeat\" fade=\"no\" background_parallax=\"none\" enable_mobile=\"no\" parallax_speed=\"0.3\" video_mp4=\"\" video_webm=\"\" video_ogv=\"\" video_url=\"\" video_aspect_ratio=\"16:9\" video_loop=\"yes\" video_mute=\"yes\" video_preview_image=\"\" border_size=\"\" border_color=\"\" border_style=\"solid\" margin_top=\"\" margin_bottom=\"\" padding_top=\"\" padding_right=\"\" padding_bottom=\"\" padding_left=\"\"][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=\"1_1\" layout=\"3_4\" spacing=\"\" center_content=\"no\" link=\"\" target=\"_self\" min_height=\"\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" background_color=\"\" background_image=\"\" background_position=\"left top\" background_repeat=\"no-repeat\" hover_type=\"none\" border_size=\"0\" border_color=\"\" border_style=\"solid\" border_position=\"all\" padding_top=\"\" padding_right=\"\" padding_bottom=\"\" padding_left=\"\" margin_top=\"\" margin_bottom=\"\" animation_type=\"\" animation_direction=\"left\" animation_speed=\"0.3\" animation_offset=\"\" last=\"true\" first=\"true\"][fusion_text columns=\"\" column_min_width=\"\" column_spacing=\"\" rule_style=\"default\" rule_size=\"\" rule_color=\"\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" animation_type=\"\" animation_direction=\"left\" animation_speed=\"0.3\" animation_offset=\"\"]\r\n

Innover et apprendre\u2009\/\u2009Le risque de travail forc\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/fusion_text][fusion_separator style_type=\"default\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" sep_color=\"\" top_margin=\"40px\" bottom_margin=\"\" border_size=\"0\" icon=\"\" icon_size=\"\" icon_circle=\"\" icon_circle_color=\"\" width=\"\" alignment=\"center\" \/][fusion_text columns=\"\" column_min_width=\"\" column_spacing=\"\" rule_style=\"default\" rule_size=\"\" rule_color=\"\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" animation_type=\"\" animation_direction=\"left\" animation_speed=\"0.3\" animation_offset=\"\"]\r\n

Les enseignements du terrain au service de la lutte contre le risque de travail forc\u00e9 dans le secteur du cacao<\/b><\/h1>\r\n

Le travail forc\u00e9 est un grave probl\u00e8me qu\u2019il convient de mieux cerner et de chercher \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre dans toutes les fili\u00e8res de production, y compris dans le secteur du cacao. Selon une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en\u00a02018 par la Walk Free Foundation, on estime qu\u2019entre 2013 et 2017, pr\u00e8s de 15\u2009000\u00a0enfants et 13\u2009000\u00a0adultes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 en situation de travail forc\u00e9 dans le secteur du cacao de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire et du Ghana. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Il importe, cependant, de faire la diff\u00e9rence entre le travail forc\u00e9 et les formes de travail des enfants les plus r\u00e9pandues dans le secteur du cacao, \u00e0 savoir des enfants travaillant le plus souvent sur l\u2019exploitation familiale. Le travail forc\u00e9 des enfants repr\u00e9sente moins de 1% du nombre total des enfants qui travaillent dans le secteur du cacao. D\u2019apr\u00e8s des chercheurs ind\u00e9pendants, il concerne g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des situations particuli\u00e8res ou des groupes vuln\u00e9rables, par exemple les travailleurs immigr\u00e9s. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Bien qu\u2019il soit moins r\u00e9pandu que le travail des enfants, le risque de travail forc\u00e9 existe bel et bien. Il convient d\u2019y faire face pour pr\u00e9server le bien-\u00eatre et les droits des enfants et des adultes concern\u00e9s. La t\u00e2che est n\u00e9anmoins particuli\u00e8rement complexe, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne se produisant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 l\u2019abri des regards. Mais une approche appropri\u00e9e peut permettre de surmonter ces obstacles.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Consciente de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de lutter contre le risque de travail forc\u00e9 dans le secteur du cacao, ICI a lanc\u00e9 un projet dans dix communaut\u00e9s de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire et du Ghana. Ce projet vise \u00e0 proposer des solutions pratiques pour mieux cerner les facteurs de risque, les d\u00e9celer, les att\u00e9nuer et y rem\u00e9dier.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Plusieurs indicateurs de travail forc\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au jour et regroup\u00e9s en deux grandes cat\u00e9gories\u2009: travail accompli contre son gr\u00e9 et travail accompli sous la menace d\u2019une peine quelconque. Sur la base de ces indicateurs, des solutions adapt\u00e9es aux besoins en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9tection, de pr\u00e9vention et de rem\u00e9diation sont \u00e9labor\u00e9es et test\u00e9es. Il pourra s\u2019agir par exemple d\u2019adopter un outil de suivi, de pr\u00e9voir une r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration pour le travail accompli ou d\u2019offrir une assistance sur mesure aux travailleurs \u00e0 risque ou aux victimes de mauvais traitements.<\/p>\r\n

Au cours du projet, nous avons appris qu\u2019il \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de privil\u00e9gier les entretiens individuels plut\u00f4t que les discussions de groupe pour enqu\u00eater sur des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s au travail forc\u00e9. Interrog\u00e9s s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, les membres des communaut\u00e9s et les producteurs de cacao donnent en effet des r\u00e9ponses diff\u00e9rentes, ce qui permet de se faire une id\u00e9e plus pr\u00e9cise des risques v\u00e9ritablement encourus et des causes du travail forc\u00e9. Il ressort des informations recueillies que la situation est bien plus complexe qu\u2019il n\u2019y para\u00eet, et que les sch\u00e9mas traditionnels ne s\u2019appliquent pas toujours. Souvent, des facteurs d\u2019ordre social, culturel et \u00e9conomique se m\u00ealent pour cr\u00e9er des formes de d\u00e9pendance et lier de mani\u00e8re insidieuse les travailleurs \u00e0 leurs employeurs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Le projet a \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de conclure des accords plus officiels, que ce soit sous forme orale ou \u00e9crite, ce que r\u00e9clament les producteurs et les travailleurs de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. En l\u2019absence de tels contrats, les travailleurs sont en effet davantage expos\u00e9s au risque d\u2019exploitation. Des mesures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises pour standardiser les contrats \u00e9crits ou les contrats oraux conclus devant t\u00e9moin et des tests sont en cours pour \u00e9tablir s\u2019ils permettent effectivement de r\u00e9duire le risque de travail forc\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n

La mise en \u0153uvre du projet se poursuit et les enseignements et conclusions qui en seront tir\u00e9s (y compris s\u2019agissant des supports de formation et de sensibilisation) seront communiqu\u00e9s et mis \u00e0 profit de mani\u00e8re concr\u00e8te au sein des communaut\u00e9s du Ghana et de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire expos\u00e9es \u00e0 un risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 de travail forc\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\r\n> En savoir plus sur notre projet sur le travail forc\u00e9<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n[\/fusion_text][fusion_button link=\"https:\/\/cacao.bontron.ch\/fr\/#innovation\" text_transform=\"\" title=\"\" target=\"_self\" link_attributes=\"\" alignment=\"right\" modal=\"\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" color=\"default\" button_gradient_top_color=\"\" button_gradient_bottom_color=\"\" button_gradient_top_color_hover=\"\" button_gradient_bottom_color_hover=\"\" accent_color=\"\" accent_hover_color=\"\" type=\"\" bevel_color=\"\" border_width=\"\" border_radius=\"\" border_color=\"\" border_hover_color=\"\" size=\"\" stretch=\"default\" icon=\"\" icon_position=\"left\" icon_divider=\"no\" animation_type=\"\" animation_direction=\"left\" animation_speed=\"0.3\" animation_offset=\"\"]RETOUR AU RAPPORT[\/fusion_button][\/fusion_builder_column][\/fusion_builder_row][\/fusion_builder_container]","_fr_post_name":"learning-to-tackle-forced-labour-risk-in-cocoa","_fr_post_excerpt":"","_fr_post_title":"Les enseignements du terrain au service de la lutte contre le risque de travail forc\u00e9 dans le secteur du cacao","_en_post_content":"[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=\"no\" hundred_percent_height=\"no\" hundred_percent_height_scroll=\"no\" hundred_percent_height_center_content=\"yes\" equal_height_columns=\"no\" menu_anchor=\"\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" background_color=\"\" background_image=\"\" background_position=\"center center\" background_repeat=\"no-repeat\" fade=\"no\" background_parallax=\"none\" enable_mobile=\"no\" parallax_speed=\"0.3\" video_mp4=\"\" video_webm=\"\" video_ogv=\"\" video_url=\"\" video_aspect_ratio=\"16:9\" video_loop=\"yes\" video_mute=\"yes\" video_preview_image=\"\" border_size=\"\" border_color=\"\" border_style=\"solid\" margin_top=\"\" margin_bottom=\"\" padding_top=\"\" padding_right=\"\" padding_bottom=\"\" padding_left=\"\"][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=\"1_1\" layout=\"3_4\" spacing=\"\" center_content=\"no\" link=\"\" target=\"_self\" min_height=\"\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" background_color=\"\" background_image=\"\" background_position=\"left top\" background_repeat=\"no-repeat\" hover_type=\"none\" border_size=\"0\" border_color=\"\" border_style=\"solid\" border_position=\"all\" padding_top=\"\" padding_right=\"\" padding_bottom=\"\" padding_left=\"\" margin_top=\"\" margin_bottom=\"\" animation_type=\"\" animation_direction=\"left\" animation_speed=\"0.3\" animation_offset=\"\" last=\"true\" first=\"true\"][fusion_text columns=\"\" column_min_width=\"\" column_spacing=\"\" rule_style=\"default\" rule_size=\"\" rule_color=\"\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" animation_type=\"\" animation_direction=\"left\" animation_speed=\"0.3\" animation_offset=\"\"]\r\n

Innovation and Learning\u2009\/\u2009Forced Labour Risk<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n[\/fusion_text][fusion_separator style_type=\"default\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" sep_color=\"\" top_margin=\"40px\" bottom_margin=\"\" border_size=\"0\" icon=\"\" icon_size=\"\" icon_circle=\"\" icon_circle_color=\"\" width=\"\" alignment=\"center\" \/][fusion_text columns=\"\" column_min_width=\"\" column_spacing=\"\" rule_style=\"default\" rule_size=\"\" rule_color=\"\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\" animation_type=\"\" animation_direction=\"left\" animation_speed=\"0.3\" animation_offset=\"\"]\r\n

Learning to tackle forced labour risk in cocoa<\/h1>\r\n

Forced labour is a serious problem that needs to be better understood and addressed in global supply chains, including cocoa. A 2018 study by the Walk Free Foundation estimated that between 2013 and 2017 approximately 15,000 children and 13,000 adults in the cocoa sectors of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and Ghana had worked in conditions of forced labour.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

However, it is also important to distinguish between forced labour and those forms of child labour that are most prevalent in the sector and mainly involve children working on the family farm. Forced child labour represents less than 1% of the total number of children working in the cocoa sector. It is also mainly confined to specific contexts or vulnerable groups such as migrant workers, according to independent researchers. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

While less prevalent than child labour, the risk of forced labour must be acknowledged and tackled to safeguard the rights and well-being of affected children and adults. Doing so poses significant challenges as forced labour mostly occurs out of sight. But by taking the right approach, these challenges are not insurmountable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Recognising the need to address the risk of forced labour in cocoa, ICI has launched a project in ten communities in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and Ghana. The project is developing practical ways to better understand forced labour risks in order to detect, mitigate and respond to them. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

The project has identified a series of forced labour indicators that are grouped around two main elements: work undertaken involuntarily, or work carried out with some threat of penalty. Based on these indicators, detection, prevention and needs-based remediation options are being developed and tested. These include the use of a monitoring tool, clarifying work compensation, and providing tailored assistance to at-risk workers or victims of abuse.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

During the project, we have so far learned the importance of conducting individual interviews, rather than group discussions, with community members and farmers when investigating forced labour issues. Different responses were gathered when community members were asked questions one-to-one, giving a clearer picture of actual forced labour risks and causes. They indicate that the traditional view of forced labour is much more complex and not always applicable. Often, social, cultural and economic factors combine to bind employees to employers through a subtle web of dependencies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The project has also shown the importance of more formal contracting arrangements, whether oral or written, and found there is a desire for them among farmers and workers in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. In the absence of such contracts, workers are more exposed to exploitation. Efforts are being made to standardise written and orally witnessed contracts, while testing is underway to gauge their effectiveness in reducing forced labour risk.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The project is ongoing, and the derived learnings and outputs (including training and awareness-raising materials) will be shared and applied actively within those communities in Ghana and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire where the risk of forced labour is pronounced.<\/span><\/p>\r\n> Find out more about our Forced Labour Innovation project<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n[\/fusion_text][fusion_button link=\"https:\/\/cacao.bontron.ch\/#innovation\" text_transform=\"\" title=\"\" target=\"_self\" link_attributes=\"\" alignment=\"right\" modal=\"\" color=\"default\" button_gradient_top_color=\"\" button_gradient_bottom_color=\"\" button_gradient_top_color_hover=\"\" button_gradient_bottom_color_hover=\"\" accent_color=\"\" accent_hover_color=\"\" type=\"\" bevel_color=\"\" border_width=\"\" border_radius=\"\" border_color=\"\" border_hover_color=\"\" size=\"\" stretch=\"default\" icon=\"\" icon_position=\"left\" icon_divider=\"no\" animation_type=\"\" animation_direction=\"left\" animation_speed=\"0.3\" animation_offset=\"\" hide_on_mobile=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\" class=\"\" id=\"\"]BACK TO REPORT[\/fusion_button][\/fusion_builder_column][\/fusion_builder_row][\/fusion_builder_container]","_en_post_name":"learning-to-tackle-forced-labour-risk-in-cocoa","_en_post_excerpt":"","_en_post_title":"Learning to tackle forced labour risk in cocoa","edit_language":"fr"},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes enseignements du terrain au service de la lutte contre le risque de travail forc\u00e9 dans le secteur du cacao - 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